Colonial era: improve sentence
Okumaya devam et...
← Previous revision | Revision as of 08:31, 29 March 2024 |
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| {{Main|British Western Pacific Territories|Gilbert and Ellice Islands}} | {{Main|British Western Pacific Territories|Gilbert and Ellice Islands}} |
| Chance visits by European ships occurred in the 17th and 18th centuries,<ref>{{cite journal|last1= Maude|first1= H. E.|last2= Heyen|first2= G. H.|year= 1959|title= Spanish Discoveries in the Central Pacific: A Study in Identification|journal= The Journal of the Polynesian Society|volume= 68|issue= 4|pages= 285–326|url= http://www.jps.auckland.ac.nz/docum...ic,_by_H._E._Maude,_p_285-326/p1|access-date= 27 February 2015|archive-date= 8 December 2021|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/2021120...fic,_by_H._E._Maude,_p_285-326/p1|url-status= dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last=Maude|first=H. E.|year=1961|title=Post-Spanish Discoveries in the Central Pacific|journal=The Journal of the Polynesian Society|volume=70|issue=1|url=http://www.jps.auckland.ac.nz/docum...aude,_p_67-111/p1|pages=67–111|access-date=27 February 2015|archive-date=27 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/2021122...,_by_H._E._Maude,_p_67-111/p1|url-status=dead}}</ref> while those ships attempted circumnavigations of the world, or sought sailing routes from the south to north Pacific Ocean. A passing trade, whaling the On-The-Line grounds,<ref>{{Cite journal |author=Lever R.J.A.W. |date=April 1964 |journal=South Pacific Bulletin |volume=14 |issue=2 |pages=33–36 |url=https://spccfpstore1.blob.core.wind...pdf&rscd=inline; filename="SPB14_2_Lever.pdf" |title=Whales and Whaling in the Western Pacific |access-date=30 March 2022 |archive-date=23 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/2020092...pdf&rscd=inline; filename="SPB14_2_Lever.pdf" |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last=Best |first= P. B. |year=1983|title=Sperm whale stock assessments and the relevance of historical whaling records|journal=Report of the International Whaling Commission |volume=Special Issue 5|pages= 41–55}}</ref> and labour ships associated with [[blackbirding]] of [[Kanaka (Pacific Island worker)|Kanakas]] workers, visited the islands in large numbers during the 19th century, with social, economic, political, religious and cultural consequences. More than 9,000 workers were sent abroad from 1845 to 1895, most of them not returning.<ref name=cind/><ref>{{cite report |last1=Geddes |first1=W. H. |last2=Chambers |first2=A. |last3=Sewell |first3=B. |last4=Lawrence |first4=R. |last5=Watters |first5=R. |title=Islands on the line: team report |year=1982 |series=Atoll economy : social change in Kiribati and Tuvalu, no. 1 |publisher=Australian National University |location=Canberra }}</ref> | Chance visits by European ships occurred in the 17th and 18th centuries,<ref>{{cite journal|last1= Maude|first1= H. E.|last2= Heyen|first2= G. H.|year= 1959|title= Spanish Discoveries in the Central Pacific: A Study in Identification|journal= The Journal of the Polynesian Society|volume= 68|issue= 4|pages= 285–326|url= http://www.jps.auckland.ac.nz/docum...ic,_by_H._E._Maude,_p_285-326/p1|access-date= 27 February 2015|archive-date= 8 December 2021|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/2021120...fic,_by_H._E._Maude,_p_285-326/p1|url-status= dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last=Maude|first=H. E.|year=1961|title=Post-Spanish Discoveries in the Central Pacific|journal=The Journal of the Polynesian Society|volume=70|issue=1|url=http://www.jps.auckland.ac.nz/docum...aude,_p_67-111/p1|pages=67–111|access-date=27 February 2015|archive-date=27 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/2021122...,_by_H._E._Maude,_p_67-111/p1|url-status=dead}}</ref> while those ships attempted circumnavigations of the world, or sought sailing routes from the south to north Pacific Ocean. A passing trade, whaling the On-The-Line grounds,<ref>{{Cite journal |author=Lever R.J.A.W. |date=April 1964 |journal=South Pacific Bulletin |volume=14 |issue=2 |pages=33–36 |url=https://spccfpstore1.blob.core.wind...pdf&rscd=inline; filename="SPB14_2_Lever.pdf" |title=Whales and Whaling in the Western Pacific |access-date=30 March 2022 |archive-date=23 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/2020092...pdf&rscd=inline; filename="SPB14_2_Lever.pdf" |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last=Best |first= P. B. |year=1983|title=Sperm whale stock assessments and the relevance of historical whaling records|journal=Report of the International Whaling Commission |volume=Special Issue 5|pages= 41–55}}</ref> and labour ships associated with the coercive labour recruitment practices, known as [[blackbirding]]. This recruitment of [[Kanaka (Pacific Island worker)|Kanaka]] workers in large numbers during the 19th century, had social, economic, political, religious and cultural consequences. More than 9,000 workers were sent abroad from 1845 to 1895, most of them not returning.<ref name=cind/><ref>{{cite report |last1=Geddes |first1=W. H. |last2=Chambers |first2=A. |last3=Sewell |first3=B. |last4=Lawrence |first4=R. |last5=Watters |first5=R. |title=Islands on the line: team report |year=1982 |series=Atoll economy : social change in Kiribati and Tuvalu, no. 1 |publisher=Australian National University |location=Canberra }}</ref> |
| The passing trade gave rise to European, Indian, Chinese, Samoan, and other residents from the 1830s; they included [[beachcombing|beachcombers]], castaways, traders, and missionaries.{{Citation needed|date=October 2023}} | The passing trade gave rise to European, Indian, Chinese, Samoan, and other residents from the 1830s; they included [[beachcombing|beachcombers]], castaways, traders, and missionaries.{{Citation needed|date=October 2023}} |
Okumaya devam et...