Qızılbaş:
{{Under construction}}
[[File:Stamps of Azerbaijan, 1996-381.jpg|250px|thumb|right|Postage stamp dedicated to Nowruz holiday]]
'''Azerbaijani calendar beliefs''' are common beliefs about the naming of different times (cosmic periods, years, months, etc.) in Azerbaijani culture.
Historically, the Turkish calendar with twelve animals and the Jalali calendar were used in the cultural environment of Azerbaijan. The Twelve Animal calendars have been used in the region since the Mongol period, and the Jalali calendar has been used since the 18th century at the latest. During the Safavid period, the twelve animal calendar was used as the official calendar. During this period, the Malik-ush-shuara (chief of poets) at the court recited poems in the Azerbaijani language about the transition from the old year to the new one. The calendar with twelve animals remained in use in Iran until 1925, until the fall of the Qajars.
The formation of the Azerbaijani folk calendar is based on the attitude to nature, the movement of celestial bodies, and agricultural traditions. The transition from winter to spring occurs when the world sleeps, and is celebrated with Novruz holiday. Although Nowruz and Khidir Nabi holidays are celebrated together in different regions of Azerbaijan, the good celebration of one of the holidays is observed with the poor celebration of the other. Chilla night is celebrated on the occasion of the beginning of winter, Sadda holiday is celebrated on the occasion of the transition from Big Chilla to Little Chilla.
Due to the influence of Islam, Turkish-origin week names in Azerbaijan were replaced by Arabic-Persian names or used together with them. In the dialects of the Azerbaijani language, weekdays are referred to as salt, grief, honey, milk days, etc. On the day of ancestors, known as the Name Day, the deceased are remembered, and as a remnant of Shamanism, porridge is consumed.
==Cosmic cycles==
Ivar Lassi, who studied the traditions of Muharram in Azerbaijan, reported that Azerbaijanis believe in the existence of 10 cosmic cycles, each lasting 10,000 years.{{sfn|Lassy|1916|p=220}} These cosmic cycles are divided into 12-year solar years. Azerbaijanis believed that the 5th cycle continued into the 1910s.
==History of calendars in Azerbaijan==
===Jalali calendar===
The Jalali calendar has been used by Azerbaijanis since the 18th century at the latest. In this calendar created during the reign of the Seljuk ruler Malikshah I, the year begins a month and a half after the Chinese-Uyghur calendar, at the spring equinox (Nowruz), but the 12-animal calendar has been assimilated into the calendar.{{sfn|Günay|2006|p=242}} The absence of a exact date of Khizir Nabi holiday, but the celebration of Novruz holiday on a specific day, is explained by the fact that Novruz holiday Novruz was officially incorporated into the Jalali calendar in the 11th century.{{sfn|Albaliyev|2022|p=1084}}
===The Twelve Animal Calendar===
[[File:Stamps of Azerbaijan, 2012-1015.jpg|thumb|right|Azerbaijan postage stamp dedicated to the Year of the Dragon]]
The Great Mongol Empire, which includes modern Azerbaijan, the Uyghur version of the Chinese calendar was applied throughout the occupied territories. During the lkhanate period, all Turkmen Oghuz clans of Azerbaijan and Eastern Anatolia used Turkish year and month names.{{sfn|Togan|1981|p=279}} The use of the Twelve Animal Calendar was related to the influence of Eastern Turkic languages, and the Mongols implemented the Uyghur version of the calendar. Although Mongol translations were used, Turkic designations retained their significance. In Fazlullah Rashiduddin's historical work, year names are used 26 times in Turkish, 13 times in Mongolian, 13 times in both languages, and 2 times in Persian. However, month names were only in Turkic.{{sfn|Vásáry|2016|p=147}}
Georgian sources show more of an Eastern (Uyghur-Chagatai) character, and it is possible to encounter the Twelve Animal Calendar dating back to the Mongol period. The term "Siçan ili" used is of Oghuz origin (the word "il" is more precisely of Azerbaijani origin). Certainly, these Oghuz elements should be attributed to local Eastern Ottoman-Azerbaijani influences. In the same way, the word "ilan" used for the year is either of Azerbaijani or Turkish origin.{{sfn|Golden|1982|p=200}}
The apparently multicultural character of the Safavid empire (the Twelver Imam Shiism, the use of Persian and Azerbaijani languages, the administration being of Arabic and Turko-Mongol origin) is most often confirmed when historians use different chronology methods (Hijri, Shah's regnal years, Turko-Mongol calendar). During the Safavid period, the Turkish calendar was used as the official calendar, and in Safavid historiography, this calendar was spread under the influence of Teymuri (Chagatay) historiography. The fact that Nowruz holiday is considered the beginning of this calendar is noted by Safavi historian Iskandar Bey Munshi: "With the arrival of Nowruz, the Year of the Snake of the Turkish Calendar began luckily and happily".{{sfn|Musalı|2016|p=262}} During this period, the Malik-ush-shuara (chief of poets) at the court recited poems in the Azerbaijani language about the transition from the old year to the new one.{{sfn|Floor|2013|p=10}}
The Turkish calendar was used in Iran until the fall of the Qajar dynasty in 1925.{{sfn|Vásáry|2016|p=149}} According to Turkish historian Osman Turan, the calendar with twelve animals still exists in Azerbaijan.{{sfn|Günay|2006|p=244}} In general, the Turkish calendar played an important role in the lives of all Turkic peoples of the Caucasus and was passed on to other peoples in the neighborhood.{{sfn|Musalı|2016|p=264}}
The commonly used names are as follows: mouse, ox-cow, tiger, rabbit, dragon (or crocodile and fish{{sfn|Lassy|1916|p=222}}), snake, horse, sheep (or goat), monkey, chicken-rooster (or simply bird), dog , pig. Such naming of years is considered "Tarikh-i Turki".{{sfn|Lassy|1916|p=223}}
In Azerbaijani folklore, beliefs related to the Turkic calendar are encountered.{{sfn|Fərzəliyev|1994|p=12}}{{sfn|Nərimanoğlu|2004|p=27}} According to a widespread belief among the people, the nature of the upcoming year, whether it will be good or bad, is associated with the character and traits of the animal named after it. For example, when the year of the snake arrives, they say that the weather will be warm, drought will pass, and relations will not be normal. In the year of the rabbit, the harvest is plentiful, in the year of the dragon (crocodile), there is a lot of rain, in the year of the pig, the weather will be harsh, etc.{{sfn|Azərbaycan etnoqrafiyası|2007|p=423}}
According to another calendar myth, fortune tellers who gathered in one place on Novruz gave names to the years, and if the year is based on an animal, people will show the character of that animal. For example, people gnaw and destroy in the year of the mouse, be tolerant in the year of the horse, and fight in the year of the dog. Another myth tells the story that because people confused the years, their rulers named the years after the animals that appeared in front of them.{{sfn|Acaloğlu|2005|p=37}}
===Turkish calendar===
In the theoretically existing Turkish calendar (based on lunar years), the 1st month is called Aram, and the last month is called Haqqsabat. The remaining months are named by numbers. An intercalary month is added after the 2nd or 3rd year. This month is called Sivan, which means "crying".{{sfn|Lassy|1916|p=225}}
==Azerbaijan folk calendar==
In the Azerbaijani folk calendar, different times (months, periods, holidays or ceremonies) are marked with special names. The formation of the folk calendar in Azerbaijan is rooted in the attitude to nature, celestial movements and agricultural traditions. In the folk calendar, terms such as the month of plowing, the month of migration, the month of vay nene, the month of irrigation, and the month of harvest are used.{{sfn|Azərbaycan etnoqrafiyası|2007|p=420}}
According to legend, in ancient times, when the year was divided into months, each month was given 32 days, except for the "Boz" month, which had 14 days. E very month gives 1 day to the Boz month so that the Boz month does not get hurt. Some months give him days again because the Boz month is still short. However, since the Boz month takes days from other months, its days are not similar in terms of weather conditions.{{sfn|Azərbaycan etnoqrafiyası|2007|p=420}}
Historically, in places where Nowruz holiday is celebrated with great enthusiasm in Azerbaijan, Khidir Nabi holiday has either not been celebrated or has been poorly celebrated. At the same time, where Khidir Nabi holiday is well celebrated, Nowruz holiday has not been celebrated in an important way. Khidir Nabi holiday is not celebrated in the southern region of the Republic of Azerbaijan and in the plains of the Shirvan area.{{sfn|Albaliyev|2022|p=1084}}
===Spring===
* '''When the universe sleeps.''' It is a mysterious time that marks the end of winter and the beginning of spring. It occurs at the moment when the last Wednesday of the year or the night before the Nowruz holiday is transformed into daylight. Rivers, streams, that is, running water, stop for a moment, and then they start flowing again.{{sfn|Bəydili|2003|p=33}}
* '''Nowruz (March 21).'''The New Year, the arrival of Spring, the awakening of nature, and the beginning of summer agricultural activities.{{sfn|Azərbaycan etnoqrafiyası, III cild|2007|p=419-446}}
* '''Baca-baca day.''' It is the first day of Nowruz.{{sfn|Hacıyeva|2021|p=121}}
* '''Çərşənbə sur.''' It is the first Wednesday after the spring equinox. According to information provided by Adam Oleary, Iranians (meaning Turks in the given example) consider this day unlucky. They refrain from work and the markets are closed.{{sfn|Lassy|1916|p=227}}
* '''Garayaz (oğlaqqıran, goat-breaker).''' This period, from the end of April until late spring, about forty days after the beginning of summer, is called "Garayaz" in the folk calendar.{{sfn|Azərbaycan etnoqrafiyası|2007|p=419-446}}<ref name="aztrendaz2">{{cite news| title=Qarayaz| author=[[Azərbaycan qeyri-maddi mədəni irs nümunələrinin dövlət reyestri]]| publisher=[[Azərbaycan Mədəniyyət Nazirliyi]]| url=https://intangible.az/front/az/aboutExample/16743| lang=az| access-date=2022-03-08| archive-date=2022-03-08| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220308072357/https://intangible.az/front/az/aboutExample/16743| url-status=live}}</ref>
* '''Goygavan/Goygovan.''' It is used in Babek, Shahbuz and Julfa. It is the period when cattle come out of winter. "Goyqavan" means "searching for sky grass, fleeing when the sky falls, and eating the sky."{{sfn|Y. Əliyeva|2018|pp=152}}
* '''Hefteseyri.''' In the past, Shirvan used to celebrate the festival of flowers, which was called the Hefteseyri. This holiday begins in Nowruz and was celebrated every Friday for 30-40 days. In the north-west of Azerbaijan, this holiday was celebrated under the name "Rose festival".
* '''Sun rituals.''' If the 3rd and 4th days after Novruz are rainy, people make a doll and sing songs calling for the Sun.{{sfn|Azərbaycan etnoqrafiyası|2007|p=419-446}}
* '''Planting month.''' Spring is the most productive period of a farmer's life.{{sfn|Azərbaycan etnoqrafiyası|2007|p=419-446}}
* '''Rain month.''' This is the name of the first month of the spring season, it comes from the words Nisan and Neysan (April).{{sfn|Azərbaycan etnoqrafiyası|2007|p=419-446}}
* '''Nature day.''' Iranian Azerbaijanis visit nature on the thirteenth day of the new year and celebrate until the evening.{{sfn|Rahimi|2019|p=151}}
* '''Suceddim.''' It is a tradition to swim in the spring. It is spread in many parts of Azerbaijan and among the Azerbaijanis of Armenia.{{sfn|Seyidov|1996|p=259}}
* '''Green light month.''' In the mountains and foothills, the month of April is called this.{{sfn|Azərbaycan etnoqrafiyası|2007|p=419-446}}
* '''Garıborcu.''' It refers to the period until April 15th. They sing songs about the change from winter to spring, called "The Change of Garı with March". In Ordubad and Shahbuz, the period until April 15, when the weather is cold, is called karnaburt.{{sfn|Azərbaycan etnoqrafiyası|2007|p=419-446}}<ref name="aztrendaz">{{cite news| title=Qarının borcu| author=[[Azərbaycan qeyri-maddi mədəni irs nümunələrinin dövlət reyestri]]| publisher=[[Azərbaycan Mədəniyyət Nazirliyi]]| url=https://intangible.az/front/az/aboutExample/16744| lang=az| access-date=2022-03-08| archive-date=2022-03-08| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220308125656/https://intangible.az/front/az/aboutExample/16744| url-status=live}}</ref>{{sfn|Y. Əliyeva|2018|pp=152}}
* '''Terchıkh period.''' It is the period when new summer grasses grow, and sheep and goats are sheared at night.{{sfn|Azərbaycan etnoqrafiyası|2007|p=419-446}}
* '''Kotan (cut) period.''' It is the period when plowing works are started. They are celebrating the Shum Festival, wishing them a prosperous year ahead.{{sfn|Azərbaycan etnoqrafiyası|2007|p=419-446}}
* '''Cut and Kotan holiday.''' It is held in cüt or kotan time. Lavash or tandir is placed around the neck of the oxen, and the animals are roamed in the field.{{sfn|Azərbaycan etnoqrafiyası|2007|p=419-446}}
* '''Sprout (or grass) month.''' It is the period when gardens are cultivated.{{sfn|Azərbaycan etnoqrafiyası|2007|p=419-446}}
* '''Rose age.''' They celebrated the rose water festival, everyone gave each other rose water in small perfume bottles, and had fun with various singing and ritual games.{{sfn|Azərbaycan etnoqrafiyası|2007|p=419-446}}
* '''Grass cutting period.''' It is held in some regions at the end of the spring season.{{sfn|Azərbaycan etnoqrafiyası|2007|p=419-446}}
*
==References==
{{Refbegin}}
{{Refend}}
Okumaya devam et...
{{Under construction}}
[[File:Stamps of Azerbaijan, 1996-381.jpg|250px|thumb|right|Postage stamp dedicated to Nowruz holiday]]
'''Azerbaijani calendar beliefs''' are common beliefs about the naming of different times (cosmic periods, years, months, etc.) in Azerbaijani culture.
Historically, the Turkish calendar with twelve animals and the Jalali calendar were used in the cultural environment of Azerbaijan. The Twelve Animal calendars have been used in the region since the Mongol period, and the Jalali calendar has been used since the 18th century at the latest. During the Safavid period, the twelve animal calendar was used as the official calendar. During this period, the Malik-ush-shuara (chief of poets) at the court recited poems in the Azerbaijani language about the transition from the old year to the new one. The calendar with twelve animals remained in use in Iran until 1925, until the fall of the Qajars.
The formation of the Azerbaijani folk calendar is based on the attitude to nature, the movement of celestial bodies, and agricultural traditions. The transition from winter to spring occurs when the world sleeps, and is celebrated with Novruz holiday. Although Nowruz and Khidir Nabi holidays are celebrated together in different regions of Azerbaijan, the good celebration of one of the holidays is observed with the poor celebration of the other. Chilla night is celebrated on the occasion of the beginning of winter, Sadda holiday is celebrated on the occasion of the transition from Big Chilla to Little Chilla.
Due to the influence of Islam, Turkish-origin week names in Azerbaijan were replaced by Arabic-Persian names or used together with them. In the dialects of the Azerbaijani language, weekdays are referred to as salt, grief, honey, milk days, etc. On the day of ancestors, known as the Name Day, the deceased are remembered, and as a remnant of Shamanism, porridge is consumed.
==Cosmic cycles==
Ivar Lassi, who studied the traditions of Muharram in Azerbaijan, reported that Azerbaijanis believe in the existence of 10 cosmic cycles, each lasting 10,000 years.{{sfn|Lassy|1916|p=220}} These cosmic cycles are divided into 12-year solar years. Azerbaijanis believed that the 5th cycle continued into the 1910s.
==History of calendars in Azerbaijan==
===Jalali calendar===
The Jalali calendar has been used by Azerbaijanis since the 18th century at the latest. In this calendar created during the reign of the Seljuk ruler Malikshah I, the year begins a month and a half after the Chinese-Uyghur calendar, at the spring equinox (Nowruz), but the 12-animal calendar has been assimilated into the calendar.{{sfn|Günay|2006|p=242}} The absence of a exact date of Khizir Nabi holiday, but the celebration of Novruz holiday on a specific day, is explained by the fact that Novruz holiday Novruz was officially incorporated into the Jalali calendar in the 11th century.{{sfn|Albaliyev|2022|p=1084}}
===The Twelve Animal Calendar===
[[File:Stamps of Azerbaijan, 2012-1015.jpg|thumb|right|Azerbaijan postage stamp dedicated to the Year of the Dragon]]
The Great Mongol Empire, which includes modern Azerbaijan, the Uyghur version of the Chinese calendar was applied throughout the occupied territories. During the lkhanate period, all Turkmen Oghuz clans of Azerbaijan and Eastern Anatolia used Turkish year and month names.{{sfn|Togan|1981|p=279}} The use of the Twelve Animal Calendar was related to the influence of Eastern Turkic languages, and the Mongols implemented the Uyghur version of the calendar. Although Mongol translations were used, Turkic designations retained their significance. In Fazlullah Rashiduddin's historical work, year names are used 26 times in Turkish, 13 times in Mongolian, 13 times in both languages, and 2 times in Persian. However, month names were only in Turkic.{{sfn|Vásáry|2016|p=147}}
Georgian sources show more of an Eastern (Uyghur-Chagatai) character, and it is possible to encounter the Twelve Animal Calendar dating back to the Mongol period. The term "Siçan ili" used is of Oghuz origin (the word "il" is more precisely of Azerbaijani origin). Certainly, these Oghuz elements should be attributed to local Eastern Ottoman-Azerbaijani influences. In the same way, the word "ilan" used for the year is either of Azerbaijani or Turkish origin.{{sfn|Golden|1982|p=200}}
The apparently multicultural character of the Safavid empire (the Twelver Imam Shiism, the use of Persian and Azerbaijani languages, the administration being of Arabic and Turko-Mongol origin) is most often confirmed when historians use different chronology methods (Hijri, Shah's regnal years, Turko-Mongol calendar). During the Safavid period, the Turkish calendar was used as the official calendar, and in Safavid historiography, this calendar was spread under the influence of Teymuri (Chagatay) historiography. The fact that Nowruz holiday is considered the beginning of this calendar is noted by Safavi historian Iskandar Bey Munshi: "With the arrival of Nowruz, the Year of the Snake of the Turkish Calendar began luckily and happily".{{sfn|Musalı|2016|p=262}} During this period, the Malik-ush-shuara (chief of poets) at the court recited poems in the Azerbaijani language about the transition from the old year to the new one.{{sfn|Floor|2013|p=10}}
The Turkish calendar was used in Iran until the fall of the Qajar dynasty in 1925.{{sfn|Vásáry|2016|p=149}} According to Turkish historian Osman Turan, the calendar with twelve animals still exists in Azerbaijan.{{sfn|Günay|2006|p=244}} In general, the Turkish calendar played an important role in the lives of all Turkic peoples of the Caucasus and was passed on to other peoples in the neighborhood.{{sfn|Musalı|2016|p=264}}
The commonly used names are as follows: mouse, ox-cow, tiger, rabbit, dragon (or crocodile and fish{{sfn|Lassy|1916|p=222}}), snake, horse, sheep (or goat), monkey, chicken-rooster (or simply bird), dog , pig. Such naming of years is considered "Tarikh-i Turki".{{sfn|Lassy|1916|p=223}}
In Azerbaijani folklore, beliefs related to the Turkic calendar are encountered.{{sfn|Fərzəliyev|1994|p=12}}{{sfn|Nərimanoğlu|2004|p=27}} According to a widespread belief among the people, the nature of the upcoming year, whether it will be good or bad, is associated with the character and traits of the animal named after it. For example, when the year of the snake arrives, they say that the weather will be warm, drought will pass, and relations will not be normal. In the year of the rabbit, the harvest is plentiful, in the year of the dragon (crocodile), there is a lot of rain, in the year of the pig, the weather will be harsh, etc.{{sfn|Azərbaycan etnoqrafiyası|2007|p=423}}
According to another calendar myth, fortune tellers who gathered in one place on Novruz gave names to the years, and if the year is based on an animal, people will show the character of that animal. For example, people gnaw and destroy in the year of the mouse, be tolerant in the year of the horse, and fight in the year of the dog. Another myth tells the story that because people confused the years, their rulers named the years after the animals that appeared in front of them.{{sfn|Acaloğlu|2005|p=37}}
===Turkish calendar===
In the theoretically existing Turkish calendar (based on lunar years), the 1st month is called Aram, and the last month is called Haqqsabat. The remaining months are named by numbers. An intercalary month is added after the 2nd or 3rd year. This month is called Sivan, which means "crying".{{sfn|Lassy|1916|p=225}}
==Azerbaijan folk calendar==
In the Azerbaijani folk calendar, different times (months, periods, holidays or ceremonies) are marked with special names. The formation of the folk calendar in Azerbaijan is rooted in the attitude to nature, celestial movements and agricultural traditions. In the folk calendar, terms such as the month of plowing, the month of migration, the month of vay nene, the month of irrigation, and the month of harvest are used.{{sfn|Azərbaycan etnoqrafiyası|2007|p=420}}
According to legend, in ancient times, when the year was divided into months, each month was given 32 days, except for the "Boz" month, which had 14 days. E very month gives 1 day to the Boz month so that the Boz month does not get hurt. Some months give him days again because the Boz month is still short. However, since the Boz month takes days from other months, its days are not similar in terms of weather conditions.{{sfn|Azərbaycan etnoqrafiyası|2007|p=420}}
Historically, in places where Nowruz holiday is celebrated with great enthusiasm in Azerbaijan, Khidir Nabi holiday has either not been celebrated or has been poorly celebrated. At the same time, where Khidir Nabi holiday is well celebrated, Nowruz holiday has not been celebrated in an important way. Khidir Nabi holiday is not celebrated in the southern region of the Republic of Azerbaijan and in the plains of the Shirvan area.{{sfn|Albaliyev|2022|p=1084}}
===Spring===
* '''When the universe sleeps.''' It is a mysterious time that marks the end of winter and the beginning of spring. It occurs at the moment when the last Wednesday of the year or the night before the Nowruz holiday is transformed into daylight. Rivers, streams, that is, running water, stop for a moment, and then they start flowing again.{{sfn|Bəydili|2003|p=33}}
* '''Nowruz (March 21).'''The New Year, the arrival of Spring, the awakening of nature, and the beginning of summer agricultural activities.{{sfn|Azərbaycan etnoqrafiyası, III cild|2007|p=419-446}}
* '''Baca-baca day.''' It is the first day of Nowruz.{{sfn|Hacıyeva|2021|p=121}}
* '''Çərşənbə sur.''' It is the first Wednesday after the spring equinox. According to information provided by Adam Oleary, Iranians (meaning Turks in the given example) consider this day unlucky. They refrain from work and the markets are closed.{{sfn|Lassy|1916|p=227}}
* '''Garayaz (oğlaqqıran, goat-breaker).''' This period, from the end of April until late spring, about forty days after the beginning of summer, is called "Garayaz" in the folk calendar.{{sfn|Azərbaycan etnoqrafiyası|2007|p=419-446}}<ref name="aztrendaz2">{{cite news| title=Qarayaz| author=[[Azərbaycan qeyri-maddi mədəni irs nümunələrinin dövlət reyestri]]| publisher=[[Azərbaycan Mədəniyyət Nazirliyi]]| url=https://intangible.az/front/az/aboutExample/16743| lang=az| access-date=2022-03-08| archive-date=2022-03-08| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220308072357/https://intangible.az/front/az/aboutExample/16743| url-status=live}}</ref>
* '''Goygavan/Goygovan.''' It is used in Babek, Shahbuz and Julfa. It is the period when cattle come out of winter. "Goyqavan" means "searching for sky grass, fleeing when the sky falls, and eating the sky."{{sfn|Y. Əliyeva|2018|pp=152}}
* '''Hefteseyri.''' In the past, Shirvan used to celebrate the festival of flowers, which was called the Hefteseyri. This holiday begins in Nowruz and was celebrated every Friday for 30-40 days. In the north-west of Azerbaijan, this holiday was celebrated under the name "Rose festival".
* '''Sun rituals.''' If the 3rd and 4th days after Novruz are rainy, people make a doll and sing songs calling for the Sun.{{sfn|Azərbaycan etnoqrafiyası|2007|p=419-446}}
* '''Planting month.''' Spring is the most productive period of a farmer's life.{{sfn|Azərbaycan etnoqrafiyası|2007|p=419-446}}
* '''Rain month.''' This is the name of the first month of the spring season, it comes from the words Nisan and Neysan (April).{{sfn|Azərbaycan etnoqrafiyası|2007|p=419-446}}
* '''Nature day.''' Iranian Azerbaijanis visit nature on the thirteenth day of the new year and celebrate until the evening.{{sfn|Rahimi|2019|p=151}}
* '''Suceddim.''' It is a tradition to swim in the spring. It is spread in many parts of Azerbaijan and among the Azerbaijanis of Armenia.{{sfn|Seyidov|1996|p=259}}
* '''Green light month.''' In the mountains and foothills, the month of April is called this.{{sfn|Azərbaycan etnoqrafiyası|2007|p=419-446}}
* '''Garıborcu.''' It refers to the period until April 15th. They sing songs about the change from winter to spring, called "The Change of Garı with March". In Ordubad and Shahbuz, the period until April 15, when the weather is cold, is called karnaburt.{{sfn|Azərbaycan etnoqrafiyası|2007|p=419-446}}<ref name="aztrendaz">{{cite news| title=Qarının borcu| author=[[Azərbaycan qeyri-maddi mədəni irs nümunələrinin dövlət reyestri]]| publisher=[[Azərbaycan Mədəniyyət Nazirliyi]]| url=https://intangible.az/front/az/aboutExample/16744| lang=az| access-date=2022-03-08| archive-date=2022-03-08| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220308125656/https://intangible.az/front/az/aboutExample/16744| url-status=live}}</ref>{{sfn|Y. Əliyeva|2018|pp=152}}
* '''Terchıkh period.''' It is the period when new summer grasses grow, and sheep and goats are sheared at night.{{sfn|Azərbaycan etnoqrafiyası|2007|p=419-446}}
* '''Kotan (cut) period.''' It is the period when plowing works are started. They are celebrating the Shum Festival, wishing them a prosperous year ahead.{{sfn|Azərbaycan etnoqrafiyası|2007|p=419-446}}
* '''Cut and Kotan holiday.''' It is held in cüt or kotan time. Lavash or tandir is placed around the neck of the oxen, and the animals are roamed in the field.{{sfn|Azərbaycan etnoqrafiyası|2007|p=419-446}}
* '''Sprout (or grass) month.''' It is the period when gardens are cultivated.{{sfn|Azərbaycan etnoqrafiyası|2007|p=419-446}}
* '''Rose age.''' They celebrated the rose water festival, everyone gave each other rose water in small perfume bottles, and had fun with various singing and ritual games.{{sfn|Azərbaycan etnoqrafiyası|2007|p=419-446}}
* '''Grass cutting period.''' It is held in some regions at the end of the spring season.{{sfn|Azərbaycan etnoqrafiyası|2007|p=419-446}}
*
==References==
{{Refbegin}}
{{Refend}}
Okumaya devam et...