Wick Lifeboat Station

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{{Short description|Lifeboat station in Scotland}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2024}}
{{Use British English|date=April 2024}}
{{Infobox building
| name = Wick Lifeboat Station
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
<!-- images -->
| logo = Flag of the Royal National Lifeboat Institution.svg
| logo_size = 100px
| logo_caption =
| image = File:Wick lifeboat, RoyBarker II (geograph 7441145).jpg
| image_size =
| image_caption = Wick Lifeboat Station
<!-- map -->
| map_type = Scotland
| pushpin_relief = 1
| map_image =
| map_caption = Wick, Scotland
<!-- location -->
| location = The Lifeboat House
| address = Fishmart, Wick Harbour
| location_city = [[Wick, Caithness|Wick]], [[Highland]], KW1 5HA
| location_country = [[Scotland]]
| coordinates = {{coord|58|26|21.6|N|3|04|58.5|W|type:landmark_region:GB|display=inline,title}}
<!-- stats -->
| former_names =
| alternate_names =
| etymology =
| status =
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| building_type = [[RNLI]] Lifeboat Station
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| opened_date = 1848<br/>1895 RNLI
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| owner = [[File:Flag of the Royal National Lifeboat Institution.svg|border|23px]] [[Royal National Lifeboat Institution]]
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'''Wick Lifeboat Station''' is located at the harbour town and [[royal burgh]] of [[Wick, Caithness|Wick]], [[Highland]], in the NE corner of Scotland, in the historic county of [[Caithness]].

A lifeboat was first stationed here by the British Fisheries Society<ref name="BFS">{{cite web |last1=Dunlop |first1=Jean |title=The British Fisheries Society, 1786-1893 |url=https://era.ed.ac.uk/handle/1842/33896 |publisher=Edinburgh Research Archive |access-date=28 April 2024}}</ref> in 1848. It was taken over by the [[Royal National Lifeboat Institution]] (RNLI) in 1895.<ref name="History">{{cite web |title=Wick's station history |url=https://rnli.org/find-my-nearest/lifeboat-stations/wick-lifeboat-station/station-history-wick |publisher=RNLI |access-date=28 April 2024}}</ref>

Since 1997, the station has operated a {{Lbc|Trent}} All-weather lifeboat, 14-20 ''Roy Barker II'' (ON 1224).<ref name="LBES">{{cite book |last1=Leonard |first1=Richie |last2=Denton |first2=Tony |title=Lifeboat Enthusiasts Handbook 2024|date=2024 |publisher=Lifeboat Enthusiasts Society |pages=4–132}}</ref>

==History==
Disaster struck Wick and Caithness on what is still called "Black Saturday", the 19 August 1848. Fishing boats, which had started out in calm weather on Fri 18 August, found themselves in huge seas and a full gale on the Saturday. Ultimately, 18 vessels were wrecked, and 37 Wick fisherman lost their lives.<ref name="Black">{{cite news |title=Loss of 94 lives in Black Saturday fishing disaster will be honoured in Wick Bay |url=https://www.pressandjournal.co.uk/f...ishing-disaster-will-be-honoured-in-wick-bay/ |access-date=28 April 2024 |publisher=Press & Journal |date=8 August 2019}}</ref>

A lifeboat was then ordered to be placed at Wick by the British Fisheries Society (BFS), and handed to the care of the Wick and Pulteneytown Harbour Trust. She was a 28-foot 12-oar boat, thought to be built to the design of [[Henry Greathead]], but actually built by Edward Oliver, of South Shields. Costing £169, she arrived in Wick on a steamer, on 11 November 1848.<ref name="WickJM">{{cite book |last1=Morris |first1=Jeff |title=The History of the Wick and Ackergill Lifeboats |date=February 1993 |publisher=Lifeboat Enthusiasts Society |pages=1–42 |edition=2nd}}</ref>

A replacement boat would be supplied again by the BFS in 1857, and then, 12 years later, when the second boat was found to be completely useless due to dry rot, another was provided in 1870. In 1872, the BFS also funded the construction of a boathouse. In 1894, after 24 years further service, the Wick and Pulteneytown Harbour Trust realised that their boat needed replacing, but the benefactor of their boats had disappeared, the BFS having been wound up in 1893.<ref name="BFS2">{{cite web |title=P16 British Fisheries Society |url=https://www.highlifehighland.com/nu...121/2020/09/P16-British-Fisheries-Society.pdf |publisher=highlifehighland |access-date=28 April 2024}}</ref> In 1894, it was agreed that the station would be taken over by the RNLI.<ref name="WickJM"/>

The RNLI immediately ordered a new boat, a 34-foot 10-oar Self-righting "Pulling and Sailing" (P&S) lifeboat (using oars and sails), constructed by Woolfe, costing £345, which arrived in Wick on 3 December 1895. On 10 December 1895, the boat was named ''John Avins'' at a ceremony at the Rifle Drill Hall, [[Pulteneytown]], the boat funded by the legacy of Mr J. Avins of Birmingham.<ref name="WickJM"/>

In a storm of April 1905, the boat was launched to the aid of four fishing boats in difficulties in Wick Bay. Having just cleared the harbour entrance, the ''John Avins'' was hit with a succession of large waves, and smashed against the North Quay. Four crew that were swept overboard were recovered to the lifeboat, but the boat was then swept up the Quay and dashed on the rocks. Fortunately all crew were brought ashore, but the boat was badly damaged and subsequently withdrawn from service. A relief lifeboat, the ''Oldham'' (ON 335), was placed at Wick, remaining there for the next 8 years, but was never launched on service.<ref name="WickJM"/>

[[File:Wick Old Lifeboat Station - geograph.org.uk - 5534171.jpg|left|thumb|1916 Wick Lifeboat Station]]
In 1913, the RNLI decided to close the station temporarily, whilst a new boathouse and roller-slipway was constructed at Salmon Rock to house a new motor lifeboat. Costing £4000, the boathouse was completed in 1916, but owing to the First World War, it would be 1921 before the lifeboat was ready, and Wick would received their first motor-powered lifeboat, the {{Lbc|45ft Watson}} ''Frederick and Emma'' (ON 659).<ref name="History"/>

In 1997, Fraserburgh received their current lifeboat, the 14-20 ''Roy Barker II'' (ON 1224). Mr Frederick Roy Barker (1909–1992), known as Roy, left his entire estate to the RNLI, known as the Roy Barker Memorial Fund, with the request that all income be used to fund lifeboats. Wick received one of three {{Lbc|Trent}} lifeboats from the fund. Moored afloat in the Inner harbour, a new station building was constructed, with up to date crew facilities. In 2007, a pontoon berth was constructed at a cost of £270,000.<ref name="History"/><ref name="LlandudnoBarker">{{cite news |title=Llandudno RNLI Shannon Launch and Recovery System named in memory of Roy Barker |url=https://rnli.org/news-and-media/201...recovery-system-named-in-memory-of-roy-barker |access-date=28 April 2024 |publisher=RNLI |date=5 December 2019}}</ref>

== Station honours ==
The following are awards made at Wick<ref name="History"/><ref name="Lifeboat Gallantry">{{cite book |last1=Cox |first1=Barry |title=Lifeboat Gallantry |date=1998 |publisher=Spink & Son Ltd |isbn=0-907605-89-3}}</ref>

*'''[[Awards of the Royal National Lifeboat Institution|RNLI Silver Medal]]'''
::Andrew Lake, Chief Officer, H.M. Coastguard - 1828

::Mr Robert MacAlister - 1839

::Mr James Wishart - 1846

::William Williamson, Branch Pilot - 1848

::Commander John Tudor, RN - 1857

::Captain John Tudor, RN - 1860 (Second-Service Clasp)

*'''[[Sea Gallantry Medal|Board of Trade Silver Medal]]'''
::Captain John Tudor, RN - 1860

*'''Silver Medal for Heroism awarded by the King of Norway'''
::Neil Stewart Jnr, Coxswain - 1956

*'''[[Awards of the Royal National Lifeboat Institution|RNLI Bronze Medal]]'''
::Neil Stewart Jnr, Coxswain - 1942

::Donald McKay, Coxswain Mechanic - 1984

*'''[[Sea Gallantry Medal|Board of Trade Bronze Medal]]'''
::Wick Lifeboat Crew - 1860

*'''The Thanks of the Institution inscribed on Vellum'''
::Walter McLeod McPhee, Coxswain - 1991

::Walter McLeod McPhee, Coxswain - 1992
::Ian Alexander Cormack, Acting Second Coxswain - 1992

*'''Vellum Service Certificate'''
::John Martin, Motor Mechanic - 1992
::Alexander Durand, Assistant Mechanic - 1992
::Hugh Gunn, Assistant Winchman - 1992

*'''[[British Empire Medal]]'''
:: Neil Stewart Jnr, Coxswain - 1970<ref name="StewartN">{{cite web |title=British Empire Medal (Civil Division) |url=https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/44999/supplement/28 |publisher=The Gazette |access-date=28 April 2024}}</ref>

==Wick lifeboats==
===All-weather lifeboats===
====British Fisheries Society lifeboats====
{|class="wikitable"
! Name
! In service<ref name="LBES 2021">{{cite book |last1=Leonard |first1=Richie |last2=Denton |first2=Tony |title=Lifeboat Enthusiasts Handbook 2021 |date=2021 |publisher=Lifeboat Enthusiasts Society |pages=2–120}}</ref>
! Class
! Comments
|-
| {{Small|Unnamed}}
| 1848−1857
| 28-foot non-self-righting (P&S)
| <ref group=Note>28-foot 12-oar non-self-righting, constructed by Edward Oliver of [[South Shields]], costing £169 (P&S)</ref>
|-
| {{Small|Unnamed}}
| 1857−1870
| [[Peake-class lifeboat|34-foot Peake (P&S)]]
| <ref group=Note>34-foot 12-oar Self-righting (P&S), constructed by Forrestt of [[Limehouse]], London, costing £500</ref>
|-
| {{Small|Unnamed}}
| 1870−1895
| 34-foot Self-righting (P&S)
| <ref group=Note>Thought to be identical to the 1857 boat, a 34-foot 12-oar Self-righting (P&S), but built locally for about £100</ref>
|-
|}

====RNLI lifeboats====
{|class="wikitable"
! ON{{efn|ON is the RNLI's Official Number of the boat.}}
! Op.No.{{efn|name=Op|Op. No. is the RNLI's Operational Number of the boat carried on the hull.}}
! Name
! In service<ref name="LBES 2021">{{cite book |last1=Leonard |first1=Richie |last2=Denton |first2=Tony |title=Lifeboat Enthusiasts Handbook 2021 |date=2021 |publisher=Lifeboat Enthusiasts Society |pages=2–120}}</ref>
! Class
! Comments
|-
| 385
| −
| ''John Avins''
| 1895−1905
| 34-foot Self-righting (P&S)
| <ref group=Note>34-foot 10-oar Self-righting (P&S), constructed by Woolfe, costing £345</ref>
|-
| 335
| −
| ''Oldham''
| 1905−1913
| 34-foot Self-righting (P&S)
| <ref group=Note>34-foot Self-righting (P&S), formerly at {{Lbs|Abersoch}}</ref>
|-
| colspan=6 style=" text-align: center;" | {{black|Station Closed 1913–1921}}
|-
| 659
| −
| ''Frederick and Emma''
| 1921−1938
| {{Lbb|45ft Watson}}
|
|-
| 802
| −
| ''City of Edinburgh''
| 1938−1968
| {{Lbb|46ft Watson}}
|
|-
| 887
| −
| ''Sir Geoffrey Baring''
| 1968−1970
| {{Lbb|46ft 9in Watson}}
|
|-
| 1016
| 48-13
| ''Princess Marina''
| 1970−1988
| {{Lbb|Oakley}}
|
|-
| 1121
| {{nowrap|47-016}}
| ''Norman Salveson''
| 1988−1997
| {{Lbb|Tyne}}
|
|-
| 1224
| 14-20
| ''Roy Barker II''
| 1997−
| {{Lbb|Trent}}
|
|-
|}
{{notelist}}

==See also==
* [[List of RNLI stations]]
* [[Royal National Lifeboat Institution]]
* [[Royal National Lifeboat Institution lifeboats]]

==Notes==
{{Reflist|group=Note}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://rnli.org/find-my-nearest/lifeboat-stations/thurso-lifeboat-station RNLI station information]

[[Category:Royal National Lifeboat Institution]]
[[Category:Royal National Lifeboat Institution lifeboats]]
[[Category:Lifeboat stations in Scotland]]

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