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Okumaya devam et...
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| [[File: Suffragette arrest, London, 1914.jpg|thumb|alt=A woman under arrrest walking between two policemen |[[Suffragette]] organizations campaigned for women's right to vote.]]{{Discrimination sidebar|expand-attributes=yes}} | [[File: Suffragette arrest, London, 1914.jpg|thumb|alt=A woman under arrrest walking between two policemen |[[Suffragette]] organizations campaigned for women's right to vote.]]{{Discrimination sidebar|expand-attributes=yes}} |
| '''Sexism''' is [[prejudice]] or [[discrimination]] based on one's [[sex]] or [[gender]]. Sexism can affect anyone, but primarily affects [[women]] and [[girl]]s.<!--NOTE: Consensus among WP: Reliable sources, assessed via WP: Due weight, is that sexism is typically against women. Before removing this text, raise the issue on the talk page first.--><ref name="Discrimination Against Women"/> It has been linked to [[gender role]]s and [[stereotype]]s,<ref name="Matsumoto 2001">{{cite book |last=Matsumoto |first=David |title=The Handbook of Culture and Psychology |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2001 |isbn=978-0-19-513181-9 |page=197}}</ref><ref name="Nakdimen 1984">{{cite journal |last=Nakdimen |first=K. A. |title=The Physiognomic Basis of Sexual Stereotyping |journal=[[American Journal of Psychiatry]] |year=1984 |volume=141 |issue=4 |pages=499–503 |doi=10.1176/ajp.141.4.499 |pmid=6703126}}</ref> and may include the belief that one sex or gender is intrinsically superior to another.<ref name="Schaefer 2011"/> Extreme sexism may foster [[sexual harassment]], [[rape]], and other forms of [[sexual violence]].<ref>Forcible Rape Institutionalized Sexism in the Criminal Justice System| Gerald D. Robin Division of Criminal Justice, [[University of New Haven]]</ref><ref name="Masequesmay 2014">{{Cite encyclopedia |last=Masequesmay |first=Gina |date=5 Jan 2024 |title=Sexism |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/sexism |access-date=19 Feb 2024 |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica}}</ref> Discrimination in this context is defined as discrimination toward people based on their [[gender identity]]<ref name="Macklem 2003"/> or their gender or sex differences.<ref name="Lenhart 2004"/> An example of this is [[workplace inequality]].<ref name="Lenhart 2004"/> Sexism refers to violation of equal opportunities ([[Equal opportunity|formal equality]]) based on gender or refers to violation of [[equality of outcome]]s based on gender, also called [[substantive equality]].<ref name="EU">[https://doi.org/10.1177/1358229120927947 De Vos, M. (2020). The European Court of Justice and the march towards substantive equality in European Union anti-discrimination law. International Journal of Discrimination and the Law, 20(1), 62-87.]</ref> Sexism may arise from social or cultural customs and norms.<ref name="Macfarlane 2019">{{Cite news |last1=Macfarlane |first1=Christina |last2=Coppack |first2=Sean |last3=Masters |first3=James |date=September 12, 2019 |title=FIFA must act after death of Iran's 'Blue Girl,' says activist |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2019/09/12/football/iran-blue-girl-sahar-khodayari-spt-intl/index.html |access-date=June 20, 2020 |publisher=CNN}}</ref> | '''Sexism''' is [[prejudice]] or [[discrimination]] based on one's [[sex]] or [[gender]]. Sexism can affect anyone, but primarily affects [[women]] and [[girl]]s.<!--NOTE: Consensus among WP: Reliable sources, assessed via WP: Due weight, is that sexism is typically against women. Before removing this text, raise the issue on the talk page first.--><ref name="Discrimination Against Women"/> It has been linked to [[gender role]]s and [[stereotype]]s,<ref name="Matsumoto 2001">{{cite book |last=Matsumoto |first=David |title=The Handbook of Culture and Psychology |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2001 |isbn=978-0-19-513181-9 |page=197}}</ref><ref name="Nakdimen 1984">{{cite journal |last=Nakdimen |first=K. A. |title=The Physiognomic Basis of Sexual Stereotyping |journal=[[American Journal of Psychiatry]] |year=1984 |volume=141 |issue=4 |pages=499–503 |doi=10.1176/ajp.141.4.499 |pmid=6703126}}</ref> and may include the belief that one sex or gender is intrinsically superior to another.<ref name="Schaefer 2011"/> Extreme sexism may foster [[sexual harassment]], [[rape]], and other forms of [[sexual violence]].<ref>Forcible Rape Institutionalized Sexism in the Criminal Justice System| Gerald D. Robin Division of Criminal Justice, [[University of New Haven]]</ref><ref name="Masequesmay 2014">{{Cite encyclopedia |last=Masequesmay |first=Gina |date=5 Jan 2024 |title=Sexism |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/sexism |access-date=19 Feb 2024 |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica}}</ref> Discrimination in this context is defined as discrimination toward people based on their [[gender identity]]<ref name="Macklem 2003"/> or their gender or sex differences.<ref name="Lenhart 2004"/> An example of this is [[workplace inequality]].<ref name="Lenhart 2004"/> Sexism refers to violation of equal opportunities ([[Equal opportunity|formal equality]]) based on gender or refers to violation of [[equality of outcome]]s based on gender, also called [[substantive equality]].<ref name="EU">[https://doi.org/10.1177/1358229120927947 De Vos, M. (2020). The European Court of Justice and the march towards substantive equality in European Union anti-discrimination law. International Journal of Discrimination and the Law, 20(1), 62-87.]</ref> Sexism may arise from social or cultural customs and norms.<ref name="Macfarlane 2019">{{Cite news |last1=Macfarlane |first1=Christina |last2=Coppack |first2=Sean |last3=Masters |first3=James |date=September 12, 2019 |title=FIFA must act after death of Iran's 'Blue Girl,' says activist |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2019/09/12/football/iran-blue-girl-sahar-khodayari-spt-intl/index.html |access-date=June 20, 2020 |publisher=CNN}}</ref> |
| == Etymology and definitions == | == Etymology and definitions == |
Okumaya devam et...